{"id":90505,"date":"2021-12-22T15:49:31","date_gmt":"2021-12-22T15:49:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metropolismag.com\/?post_type=metro_viewpoint&#038;p=90505"},"modified":"2022-01-13T14:36:02","modified_gmt":"2022-01-13T14:36:02","slug":"embodied-justice-2021","status":"publish","type":"metro_viewpoint","link":"https:\/\/metropolismag.com\/viewpoints\/embodied-justice-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"A New Concept for Good Architecture: Embodied Justice"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-header\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"611\" src=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////metropolismag.com//wp-content//uploads//2021//12//metropolis-kopia-4-1024x611.jpg/" alt=\"Collage showing workers, buildings, and activists\" class=\"wp-image-90506\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metropolismag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/metropolis-kopia-4-1024x611.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/metropolismag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/metropolis-kopia-4-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metropolismag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/metropolis-kopia-4-768x458.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group article-header_intro none\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><p class=\"article-date\" aria-label=\"Post Date\">December 22, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"size-large wp-block-heading\">A New Concept for Good Architecture: Embodied Justice<\/h1>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column article-header_meta is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p class=\"summary size-regular\">As the social justice movement thrives and the concept of embodied carbon shifts the climate conversation, architects and designers are reexamining the deep impact of their work.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-sandow-byline byline size-regular\"><span>By: <\/span><a href=https://metropolismag.com/"//tag//ethan-tucker/">Ethan Tucker<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-sandow-byline byline size-regular\"><span>Illustration: <\/span><a href=https://metropolismag.com/"//tag//klawe-rzeczy/">Klawe Rzeczy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"social-share\"><li><a href=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////www.facebook.com//sharer//sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fmetropolismag.com%2Fviewpoints%2Fembodied-justice-2021%2F\%22 target=\"_blank\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M9 8h-3v4h3v12h5v-12h3.642l.358-4h-4v-1.667c0-.955.192-1.333 1.115-1.333h2.885v-5h-3.808c-3.596 0-5.192 1.583-5.192 4.615v3.385z\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a href=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////www.linkedin.com//sharing//share-offsite//?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmetropolismag.com%2Fviewpoints%2Fembodied-justice-2021%2F\%22 target=\"_blank\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M4.98 3.5c0 1.381-1.11 2.5-2.48 2.5s-2.48-1.119-2.48-2.5c0-1.38 1.11-2.5 2.48-2.5s2.48 1.12 2.48 2.5zm.02 4.5h-5v16h5v-16zm7.982 0h-4.968v16h4.969v-8.399c0-4.67 6.029-5.052 6.029 0v8.399h4.988v-10.131c0-7.88-8.922-7.593-11.018-3.714v-2.155z\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a href=https://metropolismag.com/"http:////pinterest.com//pin//create//button//?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmetropolismag.com%2Fviewpoints%2Fembodied-justice-2021%2F&amp;description=A+New+Concept+for+Good+Architecture%3A+Embodied+Justice\%22 target=\"_blank\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"> <path d=\"M12 0c-6.627 0-12 5.372-12 12 0 5.084 3.163 9.426 7.627 11.174-.105-.949-.2-2.405.042-3.441.218-.937 1.407-5.965 1.407-5.965s-.359-.719-.359-1.782c0-1.668.967-2.914 2.171-2.914 1.023 0 1.518.769 1.518 1.69 0 1.029-.655 2.568-.994 3.995-.283 1.194.599 2.169 1.777 2.169 2.133 0 3.772-2.249 3.772-5.495 0-2.873-2.064-4.882-5.012-4.882-3.414 0-5.418 2.561-5.418 5.207 0 1.031.397 2.138.893 2.738.098.119.112.224.083.345l-.333 1.36c-.053.22-.174.267-.402.161-1.499-.698-2.436-2.889-2.436-4.649 0-3.785 2.75-7.262 7.929-7.262 4.163 0 7.398 2.967 7.398 6.931 0 4.136-2.607 7.464-6.227 7.464-1.216 0-2.359-.631-2.75-1.378l-.748 2.853c-.271 1.043-1.002 2.35-1.492 3.146 1.124.347 2.317.535 3.554.535 6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12 0-6.628-5.373-12-12-12z\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a href=https://metropolismag.com/"mailto:?body=https%3A%2F%2Fmetropolismag.com%2Fviewpoints%2Fembodied-justice-2021%2F&amp;subject=A+New+Concept+for+Good+Architecture%3A+Embodied+Justice\%22 target=\"_blank\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M12 12.713l-11.985-9.713h23.97l-11.985 9.713zm0 2.574l-12-9.725v15.438h24v-15.438l-12 9.725z\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column empty-header-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column article-header_meta is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p class=\"size-regular\">We seldom consider all the lives a building and its components actually touch. From material extraction to manufacturing, shipping, construction, and installation, the real impacts are enormous, and endless.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">After the green building movement began more than three decades ago, architects, designers, and product manufacturers started paying closer attention to the processes and products forming this long chain, asking questions like \u201cAre these materials safe? Are they natural? How much carbon was emitted to make and transport them?\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">More recently, as global conversations about social justice have become more common, and as a more urgent focus on embodied carbon has prompted architects and designers to trace their materials further back, the scope of these questions has expanded significantly. Practitioners are asking questions like \u201cWho made this product? How did it affect the health and livelihood of those who made it? How did its production impact the community?\u201d In short, they are wondering if the products, materials, and practices employed to create the built environment can somehow do less harm.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">Such questions are inextricable from larger conversations about race and justice. As Shawn Hesse, director of business development at the <a href=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////living-future.org///">International Living Future Institute<\/a> (ILFI), put it, \u201cThe question is: How do you solve racism in a way that\u2019s sustainable, because if you\u2019re not solving racism, what you\u2019re sustaining is racism.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">As players across the design industry learn the social impact of their choices, some are adopting new methods, practices, and philosophies to help minimize systemic injustices, which have long been built into many products\u2019 material realities\u2014from chemical factories that poison Black communities to the exploitation of migrant workers and the legacy of redlining across American cities.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column article-header_content is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" src=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////metropolismag.com//wp-content//uploads//2021//12//metropolis-kopia-2-819x1024.jpg/" alt=\"Collage showing industrial and manufacturing  workers\" class=\"wp-image-90690\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metropolismag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/metropolis-kopia-2-819x1024.jpg 819w, https:\/\/metropolismag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/metropolis-kopia-2-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/metropolismag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/metropolis-kopia-2-768x960.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><figcaption>HIDDEN TOXINS<br>\nWhile the green building\nmovement has had\nsuccess limiting dangerous\ntoxins in products, few\ncompanies have enough\ninformation about their\nown suppliers. And\nmaterials can pose threats\nthroughout their supply\nchain. For instance, while\nmany plastic products are\nless toxic in their final form,\nthey can pollute air and\ngroundwater in the places\nwhere they\u2019re produced.<br><br>\n\u201cWhen we think about\nmaterial health, we have\nto think: \u2018Whose health are\nwe protecting?\u2019,\u201d says Jane\nAbernethy, Humanscale\u2019s\nchief sustainability officer.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group none\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"size-regular\">Over time new standards\u2014now only in their initial phases\u2014could help identify and quantify the industry\u2019s upstream and downstream ramifications. As with embodied carbon emissions, we could soon be able to measure the amount of embodied justice (or injustice) in our designs.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\"><strong>MATERIALS: TOXIC COSTS&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">One of the earliest drivers of sustainable design was a growing awareness of how metals like lead, chemicals like formaldehyde, and volatile organic compounds common in building products contributed to health problems for occupants. The green building movement has since had considerable success limiting these and other dangerous toxins. But it continues to bump up against our country\u2019s entrenched social realities, not to mention its own significant blind spots.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">For instance, in the 1990s the movement took aim at vinyl and PVC: cheap, omnipresent materials harmful for their use of chlorine in manufacturing and the presence of phthalate plasticizing compounds\u2014known toxins that leached out of vinyl flooring and wall products.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">However, when less-toxic plasticizers were discovered and phthalate-free vinyl products were introduced, the green building movement took the pressure off. Nothing was done about the chlorine, which, though it does not off-gas or have an effect on buildings\u2019 interior air quality, has had devastating effects on the places where vinyl is produced. For example, it still pollutes groundwater and air in places like \u201cCancer Alley\u201d in Louisiana, our nation\u2019s chemical hub, where a majority Black population bears the health and environmental costs of our fossil fuel\u2013based economy.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">Today vinyl products are again commonplace, even in the most sustainably constructed buildings that boast LEED and WELL certifications.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">\u201cThe green building movement has succeeded in protecting our occupants, but at the expense of fence line communities around the world and especially in the United States,\u201d explains Bill Walsh, founder and strategic adviser of the <a href=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////healthybuilding.net///">Healthy Building Network<\/a>, a nonprofit that, among other things, checks common building materials against a set of sometimes overlapping lists of chemicals of concern.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">As designers and specifiers begin drawing connections between design products and the communities impacted by their manufacture, some brands are starting to step up. Office furniture manufacturer <a href=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////www.humanscale.com///">Humanscale<\/a>, for example, has ramped up its efforts in supply chain transparency. In its case, understanding the chain\u2019s complexity and opacity grew out of its work on healthy materials.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">\u201cIf you look at just the product as it sits at one moment in time, that\u2019s not how it lives through the whole life cycle,\u201d explains <a href=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////metropolismag.com//profiles//jane-abernethy-specify-hotlist///">Jane Abernethy<\/a>, the brand\u2019s chief sustainability officer. \u201cThere\u2019s all the production that leads up to it. There\u2019s delivery on-site, there\u2019s the folks who are using it, there\u2019s the folks who are cleaning it, there\u2019s the folks who will disassemble or deal with it afterwards. So, when we think about material health, we have to think: \u2018Whose health are we protecting?\u2019\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">Abernethy has led an effort to redesign her brand\u2019s products to eliminate materials that are potentially harmful not only to end users, but to people in and around manufacturing and recycling facilities across the globe. It can be a difficult conversation to even start with suppliers, she explains, pointing out that they may be worried about being cut out of the loop on purchasing agreements, losing business, or finding themselves in legal trouble. But the more questions buyers ask,&nbsp;the more transparency becomes the norm in the industry, she says.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">Abernethy points to Chromium (VI), also known as hexavalent chromium, which is highly toxic in a manufacturing setting. Humanscale wanted to replace it with nontoxic Chromium (III) on one part of its Liberty Task Chair.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">\u201c[Chromium (III)] is harder to process, and it\u2019s not the default, so there\u2019s not much of a market for it,\u201d she recalls. \u201cWhat we had to do was convince our supplier that they should move to that.\u201d The supplier had to purchase new equipment and reconfigure its factory, but the benefits went beyond Humanscale\u2019s products.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">\u201cWhen we start to ask for these things to change, it causes ripple effects and bigger changes, especially when we\u2019re looking at mass production, where the decisions get repeated many, many thousands of times, possibly every year,\u201d she says.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"size-regular\"><strong>FORCED LABOR&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">Unfortunately, in the tangled web of a global supply chain, few companies have as much knowledge about their suppliers as Abernethy and her team. And toxicity is not the only concern. The global building industry, and many of the industries that supply it with raw materials, such as mining, logging, and textiles, are rife with forced labor and what some describe as modern-day slavery. These injustices are so prevalent that a publication of the International Labour Organization, <em><a href=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////www.ilo.org//wcmsp5//groups//public//@dgreports//@dcomm//documents//publication//wcms_575479.pdf/">Global Estimates of Modern Slavery<\/a><\/em>, has ranked the construction industry as the second biggest culprit in the continuation of forced labor after only the domestic-service sector.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">Another study, <em><a href=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////www.designforfreedom.org///">Design for Freedom<\/a>, <\/em>published by the nonprofit organization <a href=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////metropolismag.com//viewpoints//grace-farms-design-for-freedom///">Grace Farms<\/a> in support of its initiative of the same name, identifies 12 building materials that are at high risk of being produced by forced labor. They include rubber, glass, fiber and textiles, steel, electronics, bricks, timber, stone, copper, iron, minerals, and precursors, the last of which is a catchall term for the compounds and materials used in manufacturing and industrial processes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">But behind these broad categories, there are specific\u2014and heartbreaking\u2014material histories that illuminate the ways in which our opaque and convoluted supply chains hide even the most brutal forms of injustice.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">For instance, mica, which is used in processing steel, is mined chiefly in India and Madagascar, where young children are forced to work the mines, because their small bodies and hands are valued in cramped conditions and due to a lack of technological innovation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" src=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////metropolismag.com//wp-content//uploads//2021//12//metropolis-kopia-3-819x1024.jpg/" alt=\"Collage showing construction workers\" class=\"wp-image-90691\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metropolismag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/metropolis-kopia-3-819x1024.jpg 819w, https:\/\/metropolismag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/metropolis-kopia-3-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/metropolismag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/metropolis-kopia-3-768x960.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><figcaption>THE COST FOR\nWORKERS<br>\nForced labor is rampant\nthroughout the global\nconstruction industry.\nSeemingly harmless\nmaterials can have harmful\nsupply chains. For instance\nmica, which is used\nin processing steel, is\nmined chiefly in India\nand Madagascar, where\nyoung children are forced\nto work the mines.\n<br><br>Closer to home,\nundocumented workers\nare commonly mistreated\nand underpaid on\nconstruction sites. What\nresponsibility do architects\nand designers have to\nthe people who bring their\ndesigns to life?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group none\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"size-regular\">Sharon Prince, CEO and founder of Grace Farms Foundation, also relates the complex story of polycrystalline silicon, a key ingredient in the manufacture of photovoltaic solar panels, which of course are an urgently needed source of green energy. Eighty-five percent of the global supply of this mineral comes from China, she notes, and of that, 45 percent comes from the Uyghur region, where human rights abuses are known to abound.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">Forced labor, she says, has kept the price of polycrystalline silicon artificially low, preventing innovation in photovoltaic technology. Now that silicon prices are rising as a result of the coronavirus and the threat of the proposed <a href=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////www.congress.gov//bill//117th-congress//house-bill//1155//text/">Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act<\/a> (which if passed would limit U.S. imports of certain products from Western China), we have few alternative technologies at hand, limiting our ability to generate clean power.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\"><strong>ARE ARCHITECTS AND DESIGNERS COMPLICIT?&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">So how are architects and designers responsible for this mess? Historically, the design field has rejected any notion that its practitioners might be responsible for the ethical practices of builders and product suppliers. But some are arguing that their position as mere service providers must change and that architects and designers have more leverage than they may realize.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">One such group is <a href=https://metropolismag.com/"http:////architecture-lobby.org///">The Architecture Lobby<\/a>, which describes itself as \u201can organization of architectural workers advocating for the value of architecture in the general public and for architectural work within the discipline.\u201d Its campaigns and working groups have been at the center of conversations about architects\u2019 role in the human elements of design.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">\u201cWe demand \u2026 that architects think about their role in spatial justice differently\u2026. We should be in the process of choosing what is going to get built as opposed to just designing what somebody else has preprogrammed,\u201d says Peggy Deamer, a professor emerita at Yale University\u2019s School of Architecture and founding member of the lobby.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">Another group of practitioners challenging their peers is <a href=https://metropolismag.com/"http:////whobuilds.org///">Who Builds Your Architecture?<\/a> (WBYA?), which came together in response to revelations of unjust labor conditions experienced by construction workers in the Persian Gulf. Buildings by internationally renowned architects were being constructed by migrant laborers toiling in unsafe living and working conditions, with few legal protections, for too little pay.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">\u201cWhen we first started, we went to our colleagues and their practices and asked, \u2018Would you sign this pledge around exploitation of construction labor?\u2019 And the immediate response was \u2018We have nothing to do with that. That\u2019s the contractor side\u2026. We don\u2019t deal with that labor,\u2019\u201d recalls <a href=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////metropolismag.com//profiles//mabel-o-wilson-is-updating-the-narrative-of-american-architecture-to-include-black-architects///">Mabel O. Wilson<\/a>, professor of architecture at Columbia University and a founding member of WBYA?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">The group asked a simple question\u2014\u201cWho builds your architecture?\u201d\u2014and convened a series of workshops that brought human rights experts, anthropologists, artists, and architects together to&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">look into the mundane realities of large construction sites. It thus unearthed complex networks of labor brokers, global migration, remittances, shoddy worker housing, and human rights viola-tions\u2014on which cutting-edge international architecture often depends.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">The <em><a href=https://metropolismag.com/"http:////whobuilds.org//who-builds-your-architecture-a-critical-field-guide///">Critical Field Guide<\/a> <\/em>the group published in 2017 points out several ways architects can help dismantle these global systems and start to make their projects less exploitative. This includes supporting workers\u2019 ability to demand better conditions, relabeling \u201cworkers camps\u201d as \u201cworker housing,\u201d and treating workers as stakeholders rather than tools.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">There are few incentives for architects to devote this kind of real attention to jobsite conditions. The AIA\u2019s code of ethics doesn\u2019t have anything specific to say about it, and LEED offers only one pilot credit for \u201csocial equity within the project team.\u201d But there are signs of change.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"size-regular\"><strong>MEASURING EMBODIED (IN)JUSTICE&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">Architects, even as agents of a developer or property owner, have a lot of discretion as to how budgets are allotted. But without a way to calculate the social harms of certain materials, and quantify the social costs of construction, it\u2019s difficult to convince them of their accountability in a project\u2019s overall embodied justice.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">\u201cMaybe we need to develop a kind of social justice scoring system,\u201d says <a href=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////metropolismag.com//projects//smithgroup-dc-water///">Dayton Schroeter<\/a>, a design director at SmithGroup\u2019s Washington, D.C., office. He suggests that designers need access to standards and protocols for design justice, similar to the way standards have been developed for accessibility and sustainability.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">Such standards are beginning to emerge. The International Organization for Standardization offers <a href=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////www.iso.org//iso-26000-social-responsibility.html/">ISO 26000<\/a>, a global framework for social responsibility that, while not linked to a certification, provides a universal language for assessing social impact, including in transnational projects. Likewise, Health Product Declarations, already a mainstay of green building verifications, are crucial for determining the hidden impact of a product or material, listing chemicals (including those that are not tightly regulated) that may have adverse health impacts on producers or consumers.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">The U.S. Green Building Council\u2019s LEED, the most widely recognized green building certification, also offers a few certifying credits for social equity considerations, including one pilot credit for \u201c<a href=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////www.usgbc.org//credits//IPpc144-v41/">Social Equity in the Supply Chain<\/a>,\u201d which encourages designers to assess the business practices of their suppliers. Likewise, <a href=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////www.wellcertified.com//state-of-our-schools/">WELL<\/a> has taken on initiatives to promote wellness-oriented design and improved indoor air quality in affordable housing and disadvantaged public schools, where unsafe materials have historically contributed to higher rates of asthma and other health conditions\u2014part of the toxic legacy of government disinvestment and redlining.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" src=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////metropolismag.com//wp-content//uploads//2021//12//metropolis-kopia-1-1-819x1024.jpg/" alt=\"collage showing infrastructure, buildings, and people\" class=\"wp-image-90692\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metropolismag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/metropolis-kopia-1-1-819x1024.jpg 819w, https:\/\/metropolismag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/metropolis-kopia-1-1-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/metropolismag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/metropolis-kopia-1-1-768x960.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><figcaption>MEASURING JUSTICE<br>\nAs the conversation\nabout designing for equity\nprogresses, architects,\nclients, and activists are\nbeginning to demand clear\nframeworks for evaluating\nthe social damage\u2014or\nsocial good\u2014done\nby a project. Several\norganizations are taking\ninspiration from the ratings\nsystems and transparency\nprotocols brought about\nby the green building\nmovement, which over\nthe last 30 years has\ntransformed how we\nevaluate the environmental\nimpact of design.\n<br><br>\n&#8220;There\u2019s more we can do to\npush the industry on these\nquestions of what we build,\u201d\nsays Lindsay Baker, CEO\nof the International Living\nFuture Institute.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group none\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"size-regular\">So far, the Just Label from ILFI, launched in 2014 (and updated as Just 2.0 in 2019), offers the most comprehensive model for assessing a firm\u2019s or manufacturer\u2019s commitment to equity and social justice within its own staff. It\u2019s based on principles like diverse hiring, pay equity and transparency, and social engagement. However, it does not extend to a firm\u2019s projects or a manufacturer\u2019s products.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">Lindsay Baker, CEO of ILFI, says the Just Label\u2019s limitation is intentional, making it applicable to any business, not just architecture and construction. However, building owners seeking Living Building Challenge certification (which is separate from the Just Label) must source at least 20 percent of their materials within 300 miles of their project, and that project must be free of Red List chemicals of concern, such as PVC.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">\u201cI would say that there\u2019s more we can do to push the industry on these questions of what we build,\u201d says Baker, indicating that while the architecture and design industry may be new to conversations about vetting clients\u2019 and suppliers\u2019 ethics, it already has models for doing so in areas such as finance and insurance, which are commonly applied. \u201cThere\u2019s a lot of precedent out there for [firms] to say, \u2018There\u2019s a certain set of companies we don\u2019t do business with because of our morals or our values,\u2019\u201d she says.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\"><strong>THE GREEN BUILDING MOVEMENT\u2019S NEXT CHALLENGE&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">Practioners who have brought green building practices from the margins to the mainstream could be that critical first wave of embodied-justice policy adopters who revolutionize how architects and designers build and specify.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">Can we establish a way to calculate a project\u2019s or product\u2019s embodied injustice? Can we tally up the impact\u2014positive and negative\u2014on the human beings and communities its creation has touched? It\u2019s a radical idea and one that goes against the prevailing mores of an industry in which building materials are anonymous commodities divorced from their social histories and where labor and design are often siloed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"size-regular\">Mabel O. Wilson points out that the struggle to undo the social damage of a globalized, capitalized supply chain is directly related to the struggle to slow climate change. As a result of the pandemic, she says, \u201cI think people now are aware of how exploited they were as workers. I think people have finally just said, \u2018We\u2019re done. We\u2019re not going back to that place that doesn\u2019t account for our lives.\u2019 It makes the owners incredibly wealthy, but it doesn\u2019t account for how we live, and it\u2019s destroying the planet we inhabit.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"comment size-regular\">Would you like to comment on this article? Send your thoughts to: <a href=https://metropolismag.com/wp-json/wp/v2/metro_viewpoint/\"mailto:comments@metropolismag.com/">comments@metropolismag.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"tag-cloud\"><li><a href=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////metropolismag.com//domains//manufacturing///" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Manufacturing<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<ul class=\"tag-cloud\"><li><a href=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////metropolismag.com//tag//ethan-tucker///" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Ethan Tucker<\/a><\/li><li><a href=https://metropolismag.com/"https:////metropolismag.com//tag//klawe-rzeczy///" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Klawe Rzeczy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"post-cards__wrapper is-condensed-default columns-3 single-row\" data-type=\"metro_viewpoint metro_profile metro_project metro_product\" data-amount=\"3\" ><h3 class=\"section-title\">Latest<\/h3><ul><li class=\"card__metro_viewpoint\"><div 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